NCERT GRADE 9

 PART B

Unit 1 - Introduction to IT–ITeS Industry

1. What do you understand by the term IT and ITeS?
IT means using computers and software to store, send, and manage information.
ITeS means services that use IT, like call centers, online banking, or data entry work. These help companies and people work better.

2. What are the pros and cons of using ICT?
Pros: Fast communication, easy sharing of information, better learning and work.
Cons: Cyberbullying, hacking, too much screen time, and some people don’t have access. We should use it carefully.

3. What precautions are required to ensure that ICT use is safe?
Use strong passwords, don’t share personal info online, don’t open unknown links, install antivirus, and update your system regularly. Always think before clicking.

4. What are the four main sub-sectors in the IT-BPM industry?

  1. IT Services (software help)

  2. BPM (business support like call centers)

  3. Software Products (making apps)

  4. Engineering R&D (research using computers)

5. Give examples of use of IT in everyday life.
We use IT to book train tickets, use ATMs, shop online, attend online classes, and chat with friends. It saves time and makes life easier.

6. How is IT used in libraries?
Computers are used to check which books are available, issue/return books, and read e-books. This makes library work easy and fast.

7. What are the various processes of education where IT is used?
IT is used for online classes, smart boards, digital books, exams, and student records. It helps both teachers and students to learn better.

8. Which software are used in digital communication?
Some common ones are Gmail (email), WhatsApp (chat), Zoom (video call), and Telegram (messages). These help us talk and share with others easily.

9. For what purpose is IT used in business?
IT helps in keeping records, talking to customers, selling online, managing money, and doing office work faster. It saves time and money.

10. Which are the prominent areas where IT is used in science and engineering?
IT is used in designing machines, space research, weather reports, making robots, and solving problems using computers.

11. List the various uses of IT in a banking system.
IT helps in online banking, using ATMs, mobile apps, checking balances, sending money, and keeping accounts safe and secure.

12. Which are the different areas of healthcare where IT is used? And how?
Doctors use IT for keeping patient records, doing online check-ups, testing, booking appointments, and giving reports. It helps in quick and better treatment.

13. List any 5 websites of the Indian government which provide IT enabled services to the people

  1. www.india.gov.in – Info about India

  2. www.incometax.gov.in – Income Tax services

  3. www.irctc.co.in – Book train tickets

  4. www.uidai.gov.in – Aadhaar services

www.digilocker.gov.in – Store documents online

Unit 2: Data Entry and Keyboarding Skills

1. Discuss the various types of keys available on a computer keyboard.

Answer:
A computer keyboard has different types of keys. These are:

  • Alphabet Keys (A–Z): Used for typing letters.

  • Number Keys (0–9): Found above the alphabet keys; used to type numbers.

  • Function Keys (F1–F12): Perform special tasks depending on the software.

  • Special Keys: Include Enter, Spacebar, Shift, Ctrl, Alt, Caps Lock, Tab, etc.

  • Navigation Keys: Arrow keys, Home, End, Page Up, Page Down.

  • Punctuation Keys: Used for symbols like , . ? ; : etc.

  • Modifier Keys: Like Shift, Ctrl, and Alt – used with other keys for special functions.

2. Differentiate between Home Keys and Guide Keys.

Home KeysGuide Keys
Keys where fingers rest while typing.Help to position fingers correctly.
For left hand: A, S, D, FLeft hand guide key: F
For right hand: J, K, L, ;Right hand guide key: J
Important for touch typing.Help find the home row without looking.

3. What do you understand by Guide Keys? Name the Guide Keys of:

Answer:
Guide Keys are special keys with small bumps to help place your fingers correctly on the keyboard without looking.

  • (a) Computer Keyboard:

    • Guide Keys are F (left hand) and J (right hand)

  • (b) Typewriter:

    • Guide Keys are A (left hand) and ; (right hand)

4. Explain the role of typing ergonomics.

Answer:
Typing ergonomics means typing in a safe and comfortable way to avoid strain or injury.

Role:

  • Maintains correct posture and hand position

  • Reduces stress on eyes, neck, and back

  • Helps type faster and more accurately

  • Prevents health problems like eye strain or wrist pain

5. Why is the use of various typing software common now-a-days?

Answer:
Typing software is commonly used because:

  • It helps learn correct finger placement.

  • Improves speed and accuracy.

  • Tracks progress through tests and practice.

  • Makes typing fun through games and challenges.

  • Useful for students, professionals, and competitive exams.

Examples: Typing Master, Rapid Typing, Ratatype, etc.

6. Mention the finger allocation of keys of the Bottom Row of a computer keyboard.

Answer:

The Bottom Row includes: Z, X, C, V, B, N, M, , (comma), . (period), /

KeyFinger Used
ZLeft Little Finger
XLeft Ring Finger
CLeft Middle Finger
VLeft Index Finger
BLeft Index Finger
NRight Index Finger
MRight Index Finger
, (comma)Right Middle Finger
. (period)Right Ring Finger
/Right Little Finger


Unit 3: Digital Documentation

1. In a document, all the occurrences of the word “this” have to be changed to “these”. Which option is suitable and what is the shortcut?

Answer:

  • Use Find & Replace option.

  • Shortcut: Ctrl + H

2. Which two documents are essential for mail merge?

Answer:

  1. Main Document – Contains the content (like a letter or invitation).

  2. Data Source – Contains variable data (like names, addresses).

3. Explain the concept of Word Processing.

Answer:
Word processing means creating, editing, formatting, and printing documents using software like MS Word or LibreOffice Writer.

4. List the various software available for word processing.

Answer:

  • Microsoft Word

  • LibreOffice Writer

  • Google Docs

  • WPS Office Writer

  • OpenOffice Writer

5. Difference between Text Editor and Word Processor

Text Editor Word Processor
Used for plain text editing Used for rich text editing & formatting
No formatting tools Offers font, color, styles, tables, etc.
Example: Notepad Example: MS Word, LibreOffice Writer

6. Components of LibreOffice Suite

Component Function
Writer Word processing (like MS Word)
Calc Spreadsheet (like MS Excel)
Impress Presentations (like PowerPoint)
Draw Drawing and diagrams
Base Database management
Math Creating mathematical formulas

7. Compare: Manual Typewriter, Electronic Typewriter, Word Processor

Feature Manual Typewriter Electronic Typewriter Word Processor
Editing Not possible Limited Easy
Formatting Not possible Limited Many options
Spell check No No Yes
Save & Print No Sometimes Yes

8. Different Views in Document:

  • Normal View – Simple text editing

  • Web Layout – Shows how it appears in a browser

  • Print Layout – Shows how it will print

  • Outline View – Shows headings and subheadings

9. Methods to Select Text & Steps to Select Paragraph

Methods:

  • Mouse click and drag

  • Double click (to select a word)

  • Triple click (to select a paragraph)

  • Keyboard: Shift + Arrow keys

To select a paragraph:

  • Triple-click anywhere in the paragraph
    OR

  • Click at the start, hold Shift, and click at the end

10. What are Special Characters? How to Insert Them?

Answer:
Special characters are symbols like ©, ™, €, etc.
Steps:

  • Go to Insert > Special Character

  • Choose the symbol and click Insert

11. How to Count Total Words in a Document?

Answer:

  • Go to Tools > Word Count

  • It shows words, characters, and lines

12. Menus of Writer GUI:

  • File

  • Edit

  • View

  • Insert

  • Format

  • Tools

  • Table

  • Window

  • Help

13. Default Extension & Save as MS Word

Default Extension: .odt

Steps to Save as MS Word file:

  • File > Save As

  • Choose Microsoft Word 2007–365 (.docx)

  • Click Save

14. Importance of Password & Steps to Protect Document

Importance:

  • Keeps the document private and secure.

Steps:

  • File > Save As

  • Click Save with Password

  • Enter and confirm password

  • Click OK

15. What is Mail Merge & Steps for Labels

Answer:
Mail Merge allows sending personalized letters/emails to many people at once.

Steps to create mailing labels:

  1. Go to Tools > Mail Merge Wizard

  2. Choose "Use current document"

  3. Select Address List or Data Source

  4. Insert merge fields

  5. Choose layout as Labels

  6. Preview and print

16. Advantages of Table & Report Card Example

Advantages:

  • Organizes data neatly

  • Easy to read and compare

  • Used for marksheets, invoices, etc.

Report Card Example (Table Format):

Subject Marks Obtained Maximum Marks
English 85 100
Maths 90 100
Science 88 100
SST 80 100
Hindi 84 100

17. Application to Principal for Field Visit

To,
The Principal
International Delhi Public School
Narasaraopet (Andhra Pradesh)

Subject: Request for Field Visit to IT Industry

Respected Ma'am/Sir,
I am [Your Name], a student of Class IX. I request you to arrange a field visit to a nearby IT Industry to help us understand how technology is used in real life. This visit will give us practical knowledge and inspire us for future careers in IT.

Thank you.
Yours sincerely,
[Your Name]
Class IX 


Unit 4: Electronic Spreadsheet

1. What do you call the document created in a spreadsheet application?

Answer:
The document created in a spreadsheet application is called a Workbook.

2. What are the steps to create a new spreadsheet?

Answer:

  1. Open LibreOffice Calc or any spreadsheet software.

  2. Click on File in the menu bar.

  3. Select New > Spreadsheet.

  4. A new spreadsheet will open.

3. What is the difference between Spreadsheet, Worksheet, and Sheet?

Term Meaning
Spreadsheet A software used for organizing and calculating data (e.g., Calc, Excel).
Workbook The whole file that contains one or more sheets.
Worksheet (or Sheet) A single page within the workbook where you enter data.

4. What is the default name of the worksheet? How can it be renamed?

Answer:

  • Default name: Sheet1

  • To rename:

    1. Right-click on the sheet tab (like “Sheet1”)

    2. Click on Rename Sheet

    3. Type the new name and press Enter

5. Steps to Insert and Delete a Worksheet in Calc

To Insert:

  1. Right-click on any sheet tab

  2. Select Insert Sheet

  3. Choose where to insert and click OK

To Delete:

  1. Right-click on the sheet tab you want to delete

  2. Click on Delete Sheet

  3. Confirm deletion

6. What is an Active Cell? How to Delete its Contents?

Answer:

  • Active Cell: The currently selected cell in the worksheet (has a bold border).

  • To delete its content:

    • Click on the cell

    • Press Delete key on the keyboard

7. What is Relative and Absolute Cell Address in the Spreadsheet?

Type Explanation
Relative Address Changes when copied to another cell (e.g., A1)
Absolute Address Does not change when copied. Use $ symbol (e.g., $A$1)

8. Two Operations Performed on Data in a Spreadsheet

  1. Sorting: Arranging data in ascending or descending order.

  2. Filtering: Showing only specific data based on criteria.

9. How do Formulae Work in a Spreadsheet?

Answer:

  • Formulae are used to perform calculations.

  • A formula always starts with = sign.

  • Example: =A1 + B1 adds values of cell A1 and B1.

  • The result is shown in the cell where the formula is typed.

10. Can You Include More Than One Mathematical Operator in a Formula?

Answer:
Yes, you can include multiple operators like +, -, *, / in one formula.
Example: =A1 + B1 * C1

11. How to make visible the desired toolbar in a spreadsheet?

Answer:

  • Go to View > Toolbars

  • A list of toolbars will appear

  • Click on the desired toolbar name to make it visible (✓)

12. Three Mathematical Functions – Syntax and Example

FunctionSyntaxExample
SUM=SUM(range)=SUM(A1:A5)
PRODUCT=PRODUCT(range)=PRODUCT(B1:B3)
ROUND=ROUND(number, digits)=ROUND(12.345, 2)

13. Three Statistical Functions – Syntax and Example

FunctionSyntaxExample
AVERAGE=AVERAGE(range)=AVERAGE(C1:C5)
MAX=MAX(range)=MAX(A1:A10)
MIN=MIN(range)=MIN(B1:B6)

14. Three Decision Making Functions – Syntax and Example

FunctionSyntaxExample
IF=IF(condition, value_if_true, value_if_false)=IF(A1>50, "Pass", "Fail")
IFS=IFS(condition1, value1, condition2, value2, ...)=IFS(A1<40, "Fail", A1>=40, "Pass")
CHOOSE=CHOOSE(index, value1, value2, ...)=CHOOSE(2, "Red", "Green", "Blue")

15. Three Date and Time Functions – Syntax and Example

FunctionSyntaxExample
TODAY=TODAY()Shows current date
NOW=NOW()Shows current date & time
DAY=DAY(date)=DAY("2025-06-19") → 19

16. Three Logical Functions – Syntax and Example

FunctionSyntaxExample
AND=AND(condition1, condition2)=AND(A1>10, B1<20)
OR=OR(condition1, condition2)=OR(A1=5, B1=7)
NOT=NOT(condition)=NOT(A1=10)

17. Three String Functions – Syntax and Example

FunctionSyntaxExample
LEN=LEN(text)=LEN("Hello") → 5
LOWER=LOWER(text)=LOWER("HELLO") → hello
CONCATENATE=CONCATENATE(text1, text2)=CONCATENATE("Good", "Morning") → GoodMorning

18. Explain the advantages of drawing a chart in Calc.

Answer:
Charts help to understand, compare, and analyze data easily using visuals like bars, lines, or pie slices.

19. Explain in one line each the various types of charts.

Chart TypeDescription
Bar ChartShows data using horizontal bars.
Column ChartUses vertical bars for comparison.
Pie ChartShows data as parts of a whole circle.
Line ChartDisplays data trends over time.
Area ChartSimilar to a line chart but filled with color.

20. Steps to Insert a Chart in Calc

  1. Select the data range you want to plot.

  2. Go to Insert > Chart.

  3. Choose the Chart Type.

  4. Click Next to preview and customize.

  5. Click Finish to insert the chart into the sheet.

21. Name and Explain Any Five Components of a Chart

ComponentExplanation
Chart AreaThe whole area including all chart elements.
Plot AreaArea where the data is plotted (bars, lines, etc.).
LegendExplains the symbols or colors used in the chart.
TitleDisplays the main heading of the chart.
Data LabelsShow actual values on bars, lines, or slices.

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