Class 8

 

                                           Fundamentals of Computer

 

Q1. What is computer?

Ans. Computer is an electronic machine that can store and process the data.

 

Q2. What is data?

Ans. Collection of words, numbers, characters and facts is called data.

 

Q3. What is Information?

Ans. meaningful data or summary of data is called Information.

 

Q4. What is an instruction?

Ans. Step by step procedure of operations in computer is called an instruction.

 

Q5.  What is a program?

Ans. A set of instructions is called a program.

 

Q6. Explain the types of components in computer?

Ans.  A computer has two type of components – Hardware and Software.

Hardware – The computer components that are physically present and we can see and touch them are called hardware of computer. On the basis of their location there are two types of hardware - internal hardware and external hardware.

 

Internal Hardware – Hardware that are located inside the CPU Box are called internal hardware. Example – CPU chip, Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS), Motherboard, Audio Card, Video Card, Network Interface card etc.

 

External Hardware – The hardware components that are located outside the CPU box are called external hardware components. External hardware components are divided into three parts –

 

Input Devices – A Computer accepts data and instructions from you through input devices.

Example – Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Joystick etc.

Output Devices – The output devices are used to display the information and result of computation to the user. Example – Monitor, Printer, Plotters, Speakers, Projector etc.

Storage Devices – Storage devices are used to store data into computer. Example – Hard disk drive (HDD), Compact Disk (CD), Digital Video Disk (DVD), Flash Drive (Pen Drive and Memory Card).

 

Software - Software is a set of instructions, data or programs that are used to operate computers and execute specific tasks.

Software can be classified into two broad categories: System Software and Application software.

 

System software - System software is a program designed to run a computer's hardware and applications and manage its resources, such as its memory, processors, and devices.

Application software – It is a program designed to help users perform specific tasks.

Example – Word Processors, Spreadsheets, Presentation Software, Database Management System (DBMS), Multimedia Processors, Image Processing Software.

 

Q7. What is CPU? Explain.

CPU – Full form of CPU is central processing unit. It is also called Processor. CPU has three main components –

Memory Unit (MU) – It stores the data and instructions before the actual processing start.

Control Unit (CU) – Control Unit of CPU manages all the activities within the computer system.

Arithmetical and Logical Unit (ALU): It performs all arithmetical & logical operations.

 

Q8. What is Memory?

Ans. The storage space in a computer is called memory. There are two types of memory – Primary and Secondary

A.    Primary Memory – It is main memory that is fixed on the motherboard of computer. CPU can directly access this memory. Primary memory is further divided into two parts – RAM and ROM

                                            I.            Random Access Memory – RAM is a temporary memory. The information stored in RAM is lost when computer is turned off. It is also called volatile memory.

                                         II.            Read Only Memory – ROM is a permanent memory. It holds the data and instructions even if computer is turned off. It is also called non-volatile memory.

B.     Secondary Memory – It is permanent in nature. It is not directly accessed by CPU. Example - Hard disk drive (HDD), Compact Disk (CD), Digital Video Disk (DVD), Flash Drive (Pen Drive and Memory Card).

 

Chapter 2 – Computer Networking

 

Short answer type question –

 

Q1. What is a protocol?

Ans. Protocol is a set of rules for communicating between the computers over a network.

 

Q2. Name the various components needed for a computer network.

Ans. The components needed for a network are

1.     Network Interface Card

2.     Networking cable

3.     Hub or a Switch

4.     Router

 

Q3. Define client and server.

Ans. Server - A server controls the access to the hardware and software on the network.

         Client - A client is a computer which depends on the server for all the resources.

 

Q4. What is topology?

Ans. A network topology is the physical and logical arrangement of nodes and connections in a network.

 

Q5. What is Gateway?

Ans. A gateway is a network node or device that connects two networks that use different transmission protocols. 

 

Long answer type questions –

 

Q1. What is a computer network? Write its advantages.

Ans. A computer network is a group of interconnected computers and devices that are used for resource sharing and communication.

The advantages of computer network are:

(i)                The information can be easily shared by the people.

(ii)              It helps in reducing the cost of hardware.

(iii)             Store information on one centralised location.

(iv)             Reliability implies backing up of information. If a system crashes, then the information is accessible on another workstation for future use.

(v)              Reduction in installation cost.

(vi)             User authentication process to secure the data.

(vii)           People will have the accessibility to all the information they need to get and share through e-mails.

 

Q2. Describe LAN and MAN.

Ans.  A LAN is a digital communication system that interconnects a larger number of computers and other peripheral devices within a radius of less than 1 km.

 MAN consists of two or more local area networks or campus area networks together that usually spans several buildings in the same city or town.

 

Q3. What is the difference between a webpage and a website?

Ans. A single digital page on the World Wide Web (WWW) that contains information and links of another pages is called a web page. Web pages are created by using the Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML).

Whereas, A website is a collection of web pages which are interlinked to each other. A website may contain thousands of web pages.

 

Q4. What is the difference between sender and receiver in a network?

Ans. A sender is a computer that wants to send information to another computer connected to the network. Whereas, A receiver is a computer which is expecting the data from another computer on the network.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

Chapter 3 – Working with Access 2016

Important Definitions –

Q1. What is software? Explain its types.

Ans- Software is a set of instructions, data or programs that are used to operate computers and execute specific tasks.

Software can be classified into two broad categories: System Software and Application software.

System software - System software is a program designed to run a computer's hardware and applications. It also manages its resources, such as its memory, processors and devices.

Example – Windows 10, Mac OS etc.

Application software – It is a program designed to help users perform specific tasks.

Example – Word Processors, Spreadsheets, Presentation Software, Database Management System (DBMS), Multimedia Processors, Image Processing Software.

Q2. What is Database?

Ans. A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system. A database is usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS). 

Q3. What is Access 2016?

Ans - Microsoft Access is a database management system (DBMS) that is used to create Relational Database. It uses .accdb file extension to save files.

Evaluation Time:

Short answer type questions –

Q1. What is the process of adding and deleting the records from the database?

Ans. The process of adding the records in the database are:

Step 1: Open the required table in Datasheet view.

Step 2: Place the pointer where you want to add the new record. Right click → New Record

The process of deleting the records from the database are:

Step 1: Open the required table in Datasheet view.

Step 2: Select the record which you want to delete.

Step 3: Right-click and select the Delete Record option.

Q2. Write the names of any four data types of access.

Ans. Short text, Long Text, Number and currency are the four data types of Access.

Long answer type questions –

Q1. What are the advantages of the Database Management System?

Ans. Some of the important benefits or advantages are:

• It minimizes the duplication of data by integrating and sharing the data files.

• It saves the storage space.

• All the users are provided with some access rights or privileges and permissions.

• The files can be easily updated whenever any changes are being made.

Q2. Explain the types of views in a database?

Ans.

1. Datasheet view is the default view of the table. It shows all the fields and the records as entered by the user.

2. In Design view, the records are not visible. You can only see the field names along with their data types.

 

Q3. What are the rules for writing a field name in a database?

Ans. Following rules you should remember while writing field names:

• Field name can be up to 64 characters long.

• Field name can include any combination of letters, numbers, spaces, and special characters except a period (.), an exclamation mark (!), an accent grave (‘) and brackets ([]).

• Field name cannot begin with the leading spaces.

• Field name cannot include a double quotation mark (“).

            

Chapter 4 – More on Access

Short answer type questions –

Q1. What is form in Access?
Ans. A form is a database object used to add, edit and display data from a table in a user-friendly manner.

Q2. Give any one use of the report object in Access?
Ans. A report in Access is a feature which allows you to organize and present your data in a user friendly format so that it can be printed.

Q3. Name the three main views in which a form can be displayed?
Ans. The three main views in which a form can be displayed are: Form View, Design View and Layout View.

Long answer type questions –

Q1. Differentiate between query and report?
Ans. A query is the most important object provided by Access that can give you information that you might not be able to find by looking at the table directly. 
 A report in Access is a feature which allows you to organize and present your data in a user-friendly format so that it can be printed.

Q2. Write the steps to create a report.
Ans. To create a report, follow these steps: 
Step 1: Open the desired table for which you want to create a report. In this case, we have open the table named “Students Marks”. 
Step 2: Click on the Report command from Reports group under Create tab.

 

Q3. Write the names of any four parameters which are displayed at the bottom of the Query window while creating a query.

Ans. The parameters of the design grid in the bottom part of the Query window are: 

Field: It is the first row of the design grid that displays the selected field names from the table. 

Table: It displays the name of the existing tables in the relationship window.

Show: This means that the field with the check mark will be displayed in the result and the fields with an uncheck mark will not be displayed when the query runs.

Sort: It displays the data in either descending or ascending order during the run time.

            

Chapter 5 - More on HTML

Basics -

Q1. What is HTML?
Ans. HTML is an acronym for HyperText Markup Language is a computer language used to create and structure web pages.

Q2. What are tags and attributes in HTML?
Ans. In HTML, tags and attributes are special words that decide the structure of  web pages.

Short answer type questions –
Q1. What does HREF stand for?
Ans. HREF stands for Hypertext Reference.

Q2. What is the purpose of ALINK attribute?
Ans. ALINK attribute is used to set the color of the active link

Q3. Define frames.
Ans. Frames are the different sections or parts of a web page.

Q4. What is the use of the BORDER attribute in the <IMG> tag?
Ans. BORDER specifies the thickness of the border surrounding the image.

Q5. Which attribute of the <FRAMESET> tag is used to divide the window horizontally?
Ans. COLS attribute is used to divide the window into horizontal sections.

Long answer type questions –

Q1. Explain the purpose of the following attributes in HTML?
Ans. (i) The SCROLLAMOUNT attribute is used to specify the speed of the moving object in a marquee. 
 (ii) The HREF means Hyperlink Reference which gives reference to the address of the web page. 
 (iii) The ALT attribute specifies the alternate text to be displayed in the web browser, if the provided image is not found.

Q2. Define any two attributes used with the <IMG> tag ?
Ans. Attributes used with the <IMG>  tag are SRC, WIDTH, HEIGHT, ALIGN, BORDER and ALT

Q3. Write one line HTML code to create a hyperlink with the text "Display" which opens the Display.html web page when clicked.
Ans. <A HREF = “Display.html”> Display</A>

Q4. Describe all the attributes of the <FRAME> tag.
Ans. The attributes of the tag are: 
 (i) FRAMEBORDER: This attribute is used to define whether a border is to be created around the frame or not. 
 (ii) NORESIZE: This attribute is used to restrict the user to resize the frame on the web page. 
 (iii) SRC: This attribute is used to define the URL or path of the web page which is to be linked to the frame.