ASTRAGEN GRADE 6 NOTES

1. What are the different types of computers based on their performance and capacity?

Computers can be classified into the following types based on performance and capacity:

  • Supercomputer – Most powerful and fastest; used for weather forecasting, space research, etc.

  • Mainframe computer – Large in size, used by big organizations for bulk data processing.

  • Minicomputer – Smaller than a mainframe but larger than a personal computer; used in small organisations.

  • Microcomputer (Personal Computer or PC) – Used by individuals; includes desktops and laptops.

  • Workstation – High-performance computer for technical or scientific tasks.

2. What is the basic difference between LED and LCD? Which gives a better output?

  • LCD (Liquid Crystal Display): Uses fluorescent backlights. Picture quality is good but brightness and contrast are limited.

  • LED (Light Emitting Diode): A type of LCD that uses LED backlighting. It is thinner, brighter, and more energy efficient.

✅ LED gives a better output because it has better brightness, contrast, and color quality.

3. What is the difference between Impact and Non-Impact Printer?

  • Impact Printer: Prints by striking an ink ribbon against the paper (like a typewriter).

    • Example: Dot matrix printer.

    • Noisy, slower, used for multi-copy printing.

  • Non-Impact Printer: Does not strike the paper; uses ink spray or laser.

    • Example: Inkjet and Laser printers.

    • Quiet, faster, better quality.

4. What are the ranges of external (USB) hard disks and pen drives (USB flash drives) in terms of storage space?

  • External (USB) Hard Disks:

    • Range: From 500 GB to 10 TB or more.

  • Pen Drives (USB Flash Drives):

    • Range: From 4 GB to 1 TB.

Note: The storage capacity may increase over time with technology advancement.

5. What is the difference between a Laptop and a Notebook?

  • Laptop: Slightly bigger and heavier; may have better hardware like DVD drives, more ports, etc.

  • Notebook: Slimmer, lighter, more portable; usually lacks extra hardware like DVD drives.

📌 Both are portable computers, but notebooks are more compact and lightweight than laptops.

WRITE SHORT NOTES ABOUT THE FOLLOWING:

1. Analog Computer

  • Analog computers work with continuous data.

  • They measure physical quantities like temperature, speed, or pressure.

  • Used in scientific and engineering applications.

  • Example: Speedometer, thermometer.

2. Digital Computer

  • Digital computers work with discrete data (0s and 1s).

  • They perform calculations, store data, and give accurate results.

  • Commonly used in homes, schools, and offices.

  • Example: Laptops, desktops.

3. Hybrid Computer

  • A hybrid computer is a combination of analog and digital computers.

  • It can process both continuous and discrete data.

  • Used in hospitals, research labs, and scientific applications.

  • Example: Devices used in ICU to monitor patient health.

4. Supercomputer

  • The fastest and most powerful type of computer.

  • Can process billions of instructions per second.

  • Used for weather forecasting, space research, and nuclear simulations.

  • Example: PARAM, Summit.

5. Mainframe Computer

  • Large, powerful computer used by big organizations.

  • Can handle hundreds of users at the same time.

  • Used in banks, railways, and government offices.

  • Example: IBM Z Series.

6. Mini Computer

  • Smaller than a mainframe but larger than a personal computer.

  • Can be used by multiple users at once.

  • Used in small businesses and departments.

  • Example: PDP-11, VAX.

7. Micro Computer

  • Also called a Personal Computer (PC).

  • Small in size, used by individual users.

  • Used in homes, schools, and small offices.

  • Example: Desktop computer, laptop.

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