Space Grade 5

Module 1: The Solar System – Class Notes (Page No. 4)

There are a total of 8 planets in our Solar System.
The Sun is at the center of the Solar System and provides light and solar energy to all planets.

The planets, in order of their distance from the Sun, are:

  1. Mercury – The smallest and closest planet to the Sun

  2. Venus – The "evil twin" of Earth (hottest)

  3. Earth – The blue-green planet that supports life

  4. Mars – The red planet

  5. Jupiter – The largest planet in the Solar System

  6. Saturn – The ringed planet

  7. Uranus – The ice giant

  8. Neptune – The windy planet

Pluto is the farthest and one of the smallest objects in our Solar System.
It is classified as a dwarf planet.

Speed of light = ~1.08 billion km/h 

Planet/Dwarf Planet Distance from the Sun (km) Distance from Earth (km)
Mercury 57,900,000 91,700,000
Venus 108,200,000 41,400,000
Earth 149,600,000 0
Mars 227,900,000 78,300,000
Jupiter 778,600,000 629,000,000
Saturn 1,433,500,000 1,283,900,000
Uranus 2,872,500,000 2,722,900,000
Neptune 4,495,100,000 4,345,500,000
Pluto 5,906,400,000 5,756,800,000

Planet/Dwarf Planet Walking (5 km/hr) Riding Bike (20 km/hr) Driving Car (120 km/hr) Riding Rocket (365,000 km/hr) Traveling at the Speed of Light
Mercury 18,340,000 4,585,000 764,167 251.23 0.08
Venus 8,280,000 2,070,000 345,000 113.42 0.04
Earth 0 0 0 0 0
Mars 15,660,000 3,915,000 652,500 214.52 0.07
Jupiter 125,800,000 31,450,000 5,241,667 1,723.29 0.58
Saturn 256,780,000 64,195,000 10,699,167 3,517.53 1.19
Uranus 544,580,000 136,145,000 22,690,833 7,460.00 2.52
Neptune 869,100,000 217,275,000 36,212,500 11,905.48 4.03
Pluto 1,151,360,000 287,840,000 47,973,333 15,772.05 5.34


Module 2 – The Dance of Earth and Moon

Pre-class Activity

  • Draw a picture of the Moon rotating around the Earth.


Class Notes

1. What is a Satellite?
A satellite is a natural or artificial object that moves around a planet.

  • Natural satellite → Example: The Moon

  • Artificial satellite → Example: INSAT, Aryabhata

2. Define Moon.
The Moon is a natural satellite of Earth. It moves around Earth in space.

3. How long does the Moon take to orbit Earth?
The Moon takes about 27.3 days to go around the Earth once.

4. How was the Moon formed?
Scientists believe that a large object hit the Earth long ago.

  • A big piece broke off from Earth.

  • That piece started moving around Earth.

  • Over time, it became the Moon.

5. Why does the Moon show only one side?

  • The Moon rotates (spins) and revolves (moves around Earth) at the same speed.

  • Because of this, we can see only one side of the Moon from Earth.

 The side we see is called the near side.
The side we cannot see is called the far side (or dark side).

6. Main Findings of Chandrayaan Missions (India’s Moon Missions):

  • Chandrayaan-1 (2008): Found water molecules on the Moon.

  • Chandrayaan-2 (2019): Tried landing; orbiter studied Moon’s surface and minerals.

Chandrayaan-3 (2023): India became the first country to land near the Moon’s South Pole. Found sulphur and signs of water ice. 


MODULE 3: Satellites and Orbits

Pre-Class Analysis (Brainstorming Questions)

  1. How do the TV, GPS and internet work? What makes it all happen?

  2. If we want to see cricket live from another country, how does it reach our TV?

  3. When we use Google Maps, how does it know where we are?

  4. How do scientists see weather changes before it happens?

  5. Do you think only Earth has satellites?

Class Notes (Q&A Form – Simple Language for Grade 4)

Q1. How do the Moon and other satellites stay in orbit?

They stay in orbit because of two forces:

  • Earth’s gravity pulls them towards Earth.

  • Centrifugal force (moving force) pushes them away.
    Both forces balance each other, so satellites keep moving around Earth.

Q2. What is orbital velocity?
Orbital velocity is the speed a satellite needs to stay in orbit around Earth.

Q3. What are satellites used for?
Satellites help us in many ways:

  • Watching TV

  • Using mobile and internet

  • Weather forecasting

  • GPS and Maps

  • Scientific research

Q4. What are the different orbits by altitude?

  • LEO (Low Earth Orbit): 200 km to 2000 km, Close to Earth (used for photos and spying).

  • MEO (Medium Earth Orbit): 2000 to 35000 km, Middle height (used for GPS).

  • GEO (Geostationary Orbit): 35786 km, Very high orbit, stays fixed at one point (used for TV and communication).

Q5. What are PSLV and GSLV?

  • PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle): Used to launch smaller satellites into polar orbits.

  • GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle): Used to launch bigger satellites into higher orbits.

Post-Class Activity

Draw a satellite you like and name its parts.
(Label parts like: Solar Panels, Antenna, Camera, Body, Thrusters).

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