Space Grade 4

 

Module 1: The Solar System – Class Notes (Page No. 4)

• There are a total of 8 planets in our Solar System.

• The Sun is at the center of the Solar System and provides light and solar energy to all planets.

Planets in order of their distance from the Sun

1. Mercury – The smallest and closest planet to the Sun

2. Venus – The "evil twin" of Earth (hottest)

3. Earth – The blue-green planet that supports life

4. Mars – The red planet

5. Jupiter – The largest planet in the Solar System

6. Saturn – The ringed planet

7. Uranus – The ice giant

8. Neptune – The windy planet

• Pluto is the farthest and one of the smallest objects in our Solar System.

• It is classified as a dwarf planet.

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Gravity Check

Module 2: The Moon

Pre-Class Analysis Questions

1. Have you ever noticed that the Moon looks different on different nights?

2. Why do you think the Moon has so many spots when we look at it from Earth?

3. Do you think the Moon was always there, or was it formed later?

4. Why does the Moon look bright even though it has no light of its own?

5. Who do you think was the first person to use a telescope to look at the Moon?

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Class Notes

1. How was the Moon formed?

• About 4.5 billion years ago, a giant space rock hit the Earth.

• A piece broke off and slowly became the Moon.

2. Stages of Moon Creation

• 4.5 billion years ago – Moon was formed.

• 3.5 billion years ago – Moon cooled down, volcanoes were active.

• 3.1 billion years ago – Black and white spots appeared on the Moon.

3. What are the white and black spots on the Moon?

• White spots are highlands (mountains made of rocks).

• Black spots are flat areas filled with cooled lava (maria).

4. What are craters?

• Craters are round holes made when space rocks crashed into the Moon.

5. What did Galileo Galilei discover about the Moon?

• Galileo was the first person to look at the Moon through a telescope in 1609.

• He discovered that the Moon has mountains, craters, and spots.
  
  
  Post Class Activity 

• Draw the Moon with its white and black spots.
  
  

Module 3: The Artificial Satellite
Launch a Satellite

Pre-Class Analysis Questions

1. Do you think only the Moon goes around the Earth, or can people make things that go around the Earth too?

2. How do TV channels, cartoons, and internet signals reach our homes?

3. When we use GPS in a car or phone, who tells us the correct way?

4. Have you ever seen a small moving star in the night sky? Could it be a satellite?

Class Notes (Q & A)

• Q1. What is a satellite? What are its types?

  • A satellite is something that goes around a planet.

  • Types:

    1. Natural Satellite – like the Moon.

    2. Artificial Satellite – made by people and sent into space.

  Q2. What are the uses of satellites?

  • Satellites help us:

    • Watch TV and cartoons.

    • Find the way (GPS).

    • Know the weather.

    • Talk on phones and use the internet.

  Q3. Who puts satellites in space?

  • Rockets carry satellites into space.

  Q4. How can we see satellites?

  • At night, some satellites look like small stars moving across the sky.
    

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Post-class Activity

• • Draw a satellite (with a box body, two long solar panels like wings, and an antenna).
    
    

    

Module 4: Our Star

Pre-Class Analysis Questions

• 1. Where does the Sun get its light and heat from?

  2. Do you know what travels faster — sound or light?

  3. Why do we see a rainbow after rain sometimes?

  4. Why does the Sun look yellow in the day but reddish in the morning and evening?

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Class Notes (Q & A)

• Q1. How is light made in the Sun?

  • Inside the Sun, hydrogen + hydrogen = helium + light.

  • This process makes the Sun shine.

  Q2. What travels fastest and what is its speed?

  • Light travels fastest.

  • Its speed is about 300,000 km per second.

  Q3. What is sunlight made of?

  • Sunlight has seven colors.

  • A prism can break sunlight into these seven colors (like a rainbow).

  Q4. Why do we see only yellow light from the Sun?

  • The Sun gives many colors, but in the daytime, yellow light is strongest, so we see it.

  Q5. Why does the Sun look reddish at dawn or dusk (sunrise or sunset)?

  • At that time, sunlight travels through more air and dust.

  • The yellow light scatters away, so the Sun looks red or orange.

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Homework

• Observe the sunrise and sunset.

• Write your observations:

• What colors did you see?

• How did the Sun look in the morning and evening?

Sea Sun Clock