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Pre-class Analysis Questions What existing knowledge do you have about how satellites are used in everyday life (e.g., communication, navigation, weather forecasting)? Why do you think satellites need multiple systems (communication, power, propulsion, etc.) instead of just one? How do you think satellites manage to operate when they are not in direct sunlight? What challenges do you think a satellite might face in maintaining its position and communicating with Earth? Class Notes Q1: What are the main systems in a satellite and their uses? Communication system → for transmitting and receiving signals. Power system → for generating and storing energy. Propulsion system → for movement, orbit corrections, and station-keeping. Thermal control system → for regulating temperature. Control & navigation system → for orientation and stability. Q2: What do you need for communication in satellites? Antennas (to transmit and receive signals) Tran...

  Module 1: The Solar System – Class Notes (Page No. 4) There are a total of 8 planets in our Solar System. The Sun is at the center of the Solar System and provides light and solar energy to all planets. Planets in order of their distance from the Sun Mercury – The smallest and closest planet to the Sun Venus – The "evil twin" of Earth (hottest) Earth – The blue-green planet that supports life Mars – The red planet Jupiter – The largest planet in the Solar System Saturn – The ringed planet Uranus – The ice giant Neptune – The windy planet Pluto is the farthest and one of the smallest objects in our Solar System. It is classified as a dwarf planet . Gravity Check Module 2: The Moon Pre-Class Analysis Questions Have you ever noticed that the Moon looks different on different nights? Why do you think the Moon has so many spots when we look at it from Earth? Do you think the Moon was always there, or was it formed...

Module 1: Rockets  Pre Class Activity (do by your own) Q2. How do rockets work    Class Notes  How Rockets Work Rockets move using Newton’s Third Law : when hot gases are pushed down , the rocket moves up . This is called rocket propulsion . Fuel and oxidizer burn in the engine, making gases that shoot out at high speed. Types of fuels : Solid fuel → simple, powerful, can’t be stopped. Liquid fuel → controllable, used for big rockets. Cryogenic fuel (very cold liquid hydrogen + oxygen) → gives very high power. 👉 ISRO uses PSLV (workhorse), GSLV (for heavy satellites), and LVM-3 (heaviest rocket for moon and human missions). Theory Module 2: Rocket Transportation and Launch Pre-Class Analysis Questions (for discussion) How do you think such a huge rocket is moved from the factory to the launch site? Can we transport a rocket in a normal truck like other goods? Why or why not? Why do you think water transport (ships/barges) migh...

Class Notes Q: What keeps a satellite in orbit around a planet? A:  A  satellite  is any object that moves around a planet. The Moon is Earth’s natural satellite, and man-made satellites are called artificial satellites.A satellite stays in orbit because of two forces working together: Gravitational force – the planet pulls the satellite towards itself. Centrifugal force – the satellite’s motion tries to push it away into space. When these two forces balance, the satellite keeps moving around the planet in a fixed path called an orbit . Post-Class Activity (Q&A) Q1: What is the difference between a natural satellite and an artificial satellite? A: A natural satellite is made by nature (example: the Moon around Earth). An artificial satellite is made by humans and launched into space (example: INSAT, GPS satellites). Q2: Why does the Moon not fall down to Earth even though gravity pulls it? A: The Moon does not fall because its motion creates a ce...